Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a. self - actualization attributes
b. the fight - or - flight response
c. attributional deficits
d. cognitive dissonance
e. learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Self-actualization refers to pursuing one's full potential, not passive acceptance of negative events.
• Fight-or-flight is a physical stress response of confronting or fleeing a threat, not inaction.
• Attributional deficits involve difficulties in assigning causes to events, not the described passive behavior.
• Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort of conflicting beliefs/behavior, not resignation to unavoidable harm.
• Learned helplessness is the exact psychological state where individuals stop trying to change a situation after repeated exposure to unavoidable negative events, matching the description.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness