Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a. self - actualization attributes
b. the fight - or - flight response
c. attributional deficits
d. cognitive dissonance
e. learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Self-actualization refers to fulfilling one's potential, not passive acceptance of negative events.
• Fight-or-flight is a physical stress response to immediate threats, not inaction due to perceived inevitability.
• Attributional deficits involve difficulties explaining events, not the described passive behavior.
• Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort of conflicting beliefs, not resignation to unavoidable harm.
• Learned helplessness is exactly the state where individuals stop trying to change a situation after repeated exposure to unavoidable negative events, believing they have no control.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness