Question

information storage and transmission: living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes. 1.6.a: describe the structure and function of dna and rna. 1.6.a.1:in nucleic acids (dna and rna), biological information is encoded in sequences of nucleotide monomers. each nucleotide has the following structural components: a five - carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil) 1. what is the monomer of a nucleic acid? a. diagram the monomer of a nucleic acid and label the structural components. 2. identify the five nitrogenous bases. 3. describe the difference between a purine and pyrimidine. a. identify which nitrogenous bases are purines. b. identify which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines. information storage and transmission: living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes. 1.6.a: describe the structure and function of dna and rna. 1.6.a.2:nucleic acids have a linear sequence of nucleotides that have ends, defined by the 3 (three prime) hydroxyl and 5 (five prime) phosphates of the sugar in the nucleotide. during nucleic acid synthesis, nucleotides are added to the 3 end of the growing strand, resulting in the formation of covalent bonds between nucleotides. exclusion statement: the molecular structure of specific nucleotides is beyond the scope of the ap exam. 4. describe the structure of the nucleic acid polymer. 5. what are the ends called and what functional group is found at each end? what is the directionality of a nucleic acid. which end is the location of the growing nucleic acid strand? information storage and transmission: living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes. 1.6.a: describe the structure and function of dna and rna.

Explanation:

1. The monomer of a nucleic acid is the nucleotide. It has a five - carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
2. The five nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), thymine (T) (in DNA), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U) (in RNA).
3. Purines have a double - ring structure while pyrimidines have a single - ring structure. Adenine and guanine are purines. Thymine, cytosine, and uracil are pyrimidines.
4. Nucleic acid polymers are linear chains of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds.
5. The ends are called the 5' (five prime) and 3' (three prime) ends. The 5' end has a phosphate group and the 3' end has a hydroxyl group. Nucleic acids have a 5' to 3' directionality, and nucleotides are added to the 3' end during synthesis.

Answer:

1. The monomer of a nucleic acid is the nucleotide.
2. Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil.
3. a. Adenine, Guanine. b. Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil.
4. Nucleic acid polymers are linear chains of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds.
5. The ends are called 5' and 3' ends. The 5' end has a phosphate group and the 3' end has a hydroxyl group. The directionality is 5' to 3', and the growing end is the 3' end.