Question

macromolecules and enzymes study guide

1. what’s the difference between a monomer and a polymer?
2. what three elements are often found in organic compounds (macromolecules)?
3. which macromolecule provides a rapid source of energy?
4. what are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
5. which of the following is a carbohydrate: dna, insulin, sucrose, or wax?
6. in what form do animals store glucose in their bodies?
7. what is a polysaccharide?
8. name three roles and functions of proteins in your body.
9. what are the monomers of proteins?
10. what joins amino acids together?
11. what determines the sequence and arrangement of amino acids in a protein?
12. name the two functions of lipids in your body.
13. what are the building blocks of lipids?
14. why are lipids not soluble in water?
15. what are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
16. what are the three components of a nucleotide?
17. give two examples of nucleic acids and name their functions.
18. which macromolecule stores an organism’s genetic information?
19. which element is found in proteins and nucleic acids, but not carbohydrates and lipids?
20. how are enzymes able to speed up biochemical reactions?
21. amylase is an enzyme found in saliva that helps break down starch. how does amylase affect the reaction?
22. what is the name of the region at which reactants bind to an enzyme?
23. how are enzymes important in the proper functioning of the human body?
24. what happens to enzymes within your body when temperature is increased?
25. which macromolecule provides a quick source of energy?
26. how are enzymes important in the proper functioning of the human body?
27. without enzymes what would occur?
28. which macromolecule is used to store energy?
29. what happens to an enzyme above 50°c?
30. what is the function of nucleic acids?

Explanation:

1. A monomer is a single unit, a polymer is a chain of monomers.
2. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen are common in organic compounds.
3. Carbohydrates provide rapid energy.
4. Monosaccharides are building - blocks of carbohydrates.
5. Sucrose is a carbohydrate.
6. Animals store glucose as glycogen.
7. A polysaccharide is a polymer of monosaccharides.
8. Proteins can act as enzymes, transport molecules, and provide structural support.
9. Amino acids are monomers of proteins.
10. Peptide bonds join amino acids.
11. DNA determines amino - acid sequence in proteins.
12. Lipids can store energy and form cell membranes.
13. Fatty acids and glycerol are building - blocks of lipids.
14. Lipids are non - polar, so not water - soluble.
15. Nucleotides are building - blocks of nucleic acids.
16. A nucleotide has a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
17. DNA stores genetic information; RNA helps in protein synthesis.
18. Nucleic acids (DNA) store genetic information.
19. Nitrogen is in proteins and nucleic acids but not in carbohydrates and lipids.
20. Enzymes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions.
21. Amylase speeds up the breakdown of starch.
22. The active site is where reactants bind to an enzyme.
23. Enzymes are crucial for digestion, metabolism, and many other bodily processes.
24. Enzymes may denature at high temperatures.
25. Carbohydrates provide quick energy.
26. Enzymes are crucial for digestion, metabolism, and many other bodily processes.
27. Biochemical reactions would be very slow or not occur without enzymes.
28. Lipids are used to store energy.
29. An enzyme may denature above 50°C.
30. Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.

Answer:

1. A monomer is a single molecule, while a polymer is a large molecule made of repeating monomers.
2. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
3. Carbohydrates.
4. Monosaccharides.
5. Sucrose.
6. Glycogen.
7. A large molecule made of many monosaccharides.
8. Enzymatic, transport, structural support.
9. Amino acids.
10. Peptide bonds.
11. DNA.
12. Energy storage, cell - membrane formation.
13. Fatty acids and glycerol.
14. They are non - polar.
15. Nucleotides.
16. Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base.
17. DNA: stores genetic information; RNA: helps in protein synthesis.
18. Nucleic acids (DNA).
19. Nitrogen.
20. By lowering the activation energy.
21. Speeds up the breakdown of starch.
22. Active site.
23. Essential for digestion, metabolism, etc.
24. May denature.
25. Carbohydrates.
26. Essential for digestion, metabolism, etc.
27. Biochemical reactions would be very slow or not occur.
28. Lipids.
29. May denature.
30. Store and transmit genetic information.