Question

name:__ block: get a copy of the book and go to page__, and answer the following text - dependent question guide for \letter from birmingham jail\. 1. to whom did martin luther king address his letter? how did the clergymen describe his present activities? (paragraph 1) 2. what are the organizations that mlk is affiliated with? (paragraph 2) 3. what does mlk mean with \injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere\? (paragraph 4) 4. what are the four basic steps of nonviolent campaign according to mlk? (paragraph 6) 5. how did mlk lead the people to \direct action\? (paragraph 8) 6. why did mlk opposed violent tension and used nonviolent tension instead? (paragraph 10) 7. what does mlk mean by \freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor, it must be demanded by the oppressed\? (paragraph 13) 8. give two examples of situations where people experiences segregation and discrimination. (paragraph 14) 9. why is mlk gravely disappointed with the white moderates? (paragraph 23) 10. what does mlk mean by \oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever\? (paragraph 30) 11. does mlk consider himself as an extremist? explain your answer. (paragraph 31) 12. what does mlk condemn in paragraph 37? cite evidence to your answer.

Explanation:

1. Martin Luther King addressed his "Letter from Birmingham Jail" to eight white clergymen who had criticized his activities as "unwise and untimely." They described his non - violent direct action as "extreme."
2. MLK was affiliated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), which was an organization that led the non - violent civil rights movement in the United States.
3. This statement means that injustice in any part of society undermines the concept of justice everywhere. Since all people are interconnected, an injustice against one group affects the moral and legal fabric of the entire society.
4. The four basic steps of non - violent campaign according to MLK are: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self - purification; and direct action.
5. MLK led people to "direct action" by organizing non - violent protests, sit - ins, and marches after the steps of fact - finding, negotiation, and self - purification had been taken. These actions were designed to bring attention to the injustices and force change.
6. MLK opposed violent tension because it leads to destruction and loss of life, and it does not solve the root problems of injustice. Non - violent tension, on the other hand, can be a constructive force that brings about awareness and change through peaceful means.
7. This statement means that oppressors will not willingly give up their power and the freedoms of the oppressed. The oppressed must actively demand their rights through non - violent resistance and persistent struggle.
8. Examples of segregation and discrimination include being denied access to restaurants, hotels, and public schools based on race.
9. MLK was gravely disappointed with White Moderates because they were more concerned with "order" than with justice. They preferred a negative peace (the absence of tension) over positive peace (justice).
10. This statement means that the human spirit's longing for freedom is so strong that oppressed people will eventually rise up and fight for their rights. No amount of oppression can keep them subjugated indefinitely.
11. MLK does consider himself an extremist, but in a positive sense. He says he is an extremist for love, justice, and righteousness. Evidence can be found in his statement: "Was not Jesus an extremist for love: 'Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you.' "
12. In Paragraph 37, MLK condemns the white church and its leadership for not actively supporting the civil rights movement. Evidence includes his statement: "In the midst of blatant injustices inflicted upon the Negro, I have watched white churchmen stand on the sideline and mouth pious irrelevancies and sanctimonious trivialities."

Answer:

1. Addressed to eight white clergymen. They described his activities as "unwise and untimely" and "extreme".
2. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).
3. Injustice anywhere undermines justice everywhere as all people are interconnected.
4. Collection of facts, negotiation, self - purification, direct action.
5. By organizing non - violent protests, sit - ins, and marches.
6. Violent tension leads to destruction; non - violent tension can bring about change peacefully.
7. Oppressors won't give up freedoms of the oppressed; the oppressed must demand their rights.
8. Denied access to restaurants, hotels, public schools based on race.
9. They were more concerned with "order" than justice, preferring negative peace over positive peace.
10. The human spirit's longing for freedom will cause the oppressed to fight for their rights eventually.
11. Yes, he is an extremist for love, justice, and righteousness. Evidence: Jesus was an extremist for love.
12. He condemns the white church and its leadership. Evidence: White churchmen stood on the sideline during blatant injustices.