Question

name plasma membrane and passive transport review
part i: plasma membrane structure: identify the following components in the plasma membrane.
transport protein phospholipid bilayer glycerol heads
phospholipids cholesterol fatty acid tails
part ii: osmosis table: complete the table by checking the correct column for each statement.
statement isotonic solution hypotonic solution hypertonic solution
causes a cell to swell
doesnt change the shape of a cell
causes a cell to shrink
causes animal cells to lyse
causes plasmolysis in plants
an elodea leaf, which normally contains 1% salt, placed in a solution of 1% salt
veggies sprayed with water to plump them up
salt sprinkled on slugs causing them to shrivel up

Explanation:

1. Plasma Membrane Components:

• Transport proteins are embedded in the plasma - membrane and help in the movement of substances across the membrane.
• Phospholipids form the phospholipid bilayer. Each phospholipid has a glycerol head (hydrophilic) and fatty - acid tails (hydrophobic). Cholesterol is also present in the plasma membrane, providing stability.

1. Osmosis:

• A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell. Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and in animal cells, it can cause lysis.
• An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as the cell, so there is no net movement of water and the cell shape doesn't change.
• A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell. Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. In plants, this can cause plasmolysis. Spraying veggies with water makes the surrounding environment hypotonic, causing them to plump up. Sprinkling salt on slugs creates a hypertonic environment around the slug cells, causing them to shrivel up.

Answer:

Part I: Plasma Membrane Structure

• Transport Protein: Embedded in the membrane for substance transport.
• Phospholipid bilayer: Formed by phospholipids.
• Phospholipids: Composed of glycerol heads and fatty - acid tails.
• Cholesterol: Present in the membrane for stability.
• Glycerol heads: Hydrophilic part of phospholipids.
• Fatty acid tails: Hydrophobic part of phospholipids.

Part II: Osmosis Table

Statement	Isotonic solution	Hypotonic solution	Hypertonic solution
Doesn't change the shape of a cell	X
Causes a cell to shrink			X
Causes animal cells to lyse		X
Causes plasmolysis in plants			X
An Elodea leaf, which normally contains 1% salt, placed in a solution of 1% salt	X
Veggies sprayed with water to plump them up		X
Salt sprinkled on slugs causing them to shrivel up			X