Question

organelles that build proteins

1. what are ribosomes? what do they do?
2. in which organelle are the lipid components of the cell membrane assembled?
3. what is the difference between rough er and smooth er?
4. using the cell as a factory analogy, describe the role of the golgi apparatus in cells.
5. suppose a cells golgi apparatus does not function properly. how might this problem affect other cells?

organelles that capture and release energy

1. complete the venn diagram to compare and contrast chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Explanation:

1. Ribosomes are small particles made of RNA and protein. They are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell, translating mRNA into proteins.
2. The lipid components of the cell - membrane are assembled in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
3. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface, which makes it involved in protein synthesis and modification. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium ion storage.
4. Using the cell - as - a - factory analogy, the Golgi apparatus is like the finishing and shipping department. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids received from the ER for secretion out of the cell or for use within the cell.
5. If a cell's Golgi apparatus does not function properly, proteins and lipids may not be correctly modified, sorted, or packaged. This could lead to a lack of necessary secreted proteins (such as hormones or enzymes) for other cells, or improper functioning of cells that rely on correctly - processed internal proteins.
6. Chloroplasts: Found only in plant and some protist cells, site of photosynthesis, convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Mitochondria: Found in most eukaryotic cells, site of cellular respiration, convert chemical energy (glucose) into ATP.
Both: Have their own DNA, double - membrane structures, involved in energy conversion processes in the cell.

Answer:

1. Ribosomes are small RNA - and protein - containing particles. They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.
2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
3. Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and other functions.
4. It is like the finishing and shipping department of the cell - factory, modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.
5. Other cells may lack necessary secreted proteins or have improper functioning due to incorrect processing of internal proteins.
6. Chloroplasts: Plant and some protist cells, photosynthesis, convert light to chemical energy. Mitochondria: Most eukaryotic cells, cellular respiration, convert glucose to ATP. Both: Have own DNA, double - membrane, energy conversion.