Question

part 1: history of animation (questions 1–8)

1. films are made up of ______________.
2. sequences are made up of ______________.
3. scenes are made up of ______________.
4. the 12 principles of animation were developed by ____________ and ____________.
5. these animators worked at ____________ and were part of a group known as the ____________.
6. the disney style of animation focused on movement based on the laws of ____________ and ____________.
7. in what year was the illusion of life published? ______________
8. why are the 12 principles still relevant today, even with 3d computer animation?

Explanation:

1. Films consist of individual still images called frames played in sequence.
2. Sequences are composed of connected scenes that advance the story.
3. Scenes are made of shots (specific camera perspectives/segments).
4. The 12 Principles were formalized by Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas.
5. These animators were part of Walt Disney Studios' core team, the "Nine Old Men."
6. Disney animation emphasized realistic movement rooted in physics (e.g., timing, gravity) and anatomy (natural character motion).
7. The Illusion of Life (a definitive animation text) was published in 1981.
8. The principles are universal—they govern believable movement and storytelling, regardless of animation medium (2D or 3D).

Answer:

1. frames
2. scenes
3. shots
4. Ollie Johnston; Frank Thomas
5. Walt Disney Studios; Nine Old Men
6. physics; anatomy
7. 1981
8. They focus on fundamental principles of movement and storytelling that apply to all animation styles, including 3D.