Question

part d
does the test verify that objects in inelastic collisions exert less force? explain your answer.
space used(includes formatting): 0 / 30000
part e
to ensure that a vehicle crash is inelastic, vehicle safety designers add crumple zones to vehicles. a crumple zone is a part of a vehicle designed to crumple easily in a crash. use newtons second law to explain why crumple zones reduce the force in a collision.

Explanation:

In an in - elastic collision, kinetic energy is not conserved and some of it is dissipated as heat, sound, and deformation. Force is related to the rate of change of momentum. Crumple zones increase the time of collision. According to Newton's second law $F=\frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t}$, where $\Delta p$ is the change in momentum and $\Delta t$ is the time interval. Increasing $\Delta t$ for a given $\Delta p$ reduces the force $F$. As for whether in - elastic collisions exert less force in general, it depends on the specific conditions. If two objects have the same initial and final momenta, but one collision is elastic and the other in - elastic, the in - elastic one with a longer collision time (due to deformation) will have a lower average force.
For part D, it depends on the test conditions. If the test measures average force over a longer time interval for in - elastic collisions (due to deformation and energy dissipation processes that extend the collision time), then it may show that in - elastic collisions exert less average force. But if the time intervals are not properly accounted for, no such conclusion can be drawn.
For part E, as per Newton's second law $F = \frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t}$, crumple zones increase the time $\Delta t$ of the collision for a given change in momentum $\Delta p$. Since force $F$ is inversely proportional to $\Delta t$ when $\Delta p$ is constant, an increase in $\Delta t$ leads to a decrease in the force experienced during the collision.

Answer:

Part D: It depends on the test conditions. If the time of collision is accounted for and is longer in in - elastic collisions, it may show less average force; otherwise, no conclusion can be drawn.
Part E: Crumple zones increase the time of collision. According to $F=\frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t}$, for a given $\Delta p$, an increase in $\Delta t$ reduces the force $F$.