pplication
match each real-world example with the term that best describes it. write the word next to
the example it best describes.
• non-random mating
• hardy-weinberg
equilibrium
• mutation
• founder effect
• bottleneck effect
• natural selection

| term | example || ---- | ---- || | european bison (buffalo) were hunted to near extinction. all european bison living today have descended from a very small population that existed once the hunting ended. now, all bison are genetically very similar, and there is little variety in their population. || | a change in the dna of a single bacterium causes that it to be resistant to a certain type of antibiotic. || | over the years, because there are no selective forces acting on a population of mice, you observe that the relative frequencies of different colors remain stable. each generation has approximately the same number of white, brown, and black mice. || | a small group of jewish settlers moved to eastern europe in the 15th century. they are known as the askhenazi jews. the recessive allele for a disorder known as tay sachs disease wa present in this original founding population in a relatively high frequency. because of this, all descendents of the original ashkenazi jewish population have an elevated risk of having tay sachs disease. || | female peacocks prefer to mate with male peacocks that have long colorful tail feathers because this is an indicator that they are in good health. || | during dry years on the galapagos islands, there are few plants growing. the only seeds left for birds to eat are large/hard seeds that the birds did not touch the previous year. only birds with larger and stronger beaks can eat these seeds. many small beak birds die and without reproducing. |

Question

pplication
match each real-world example with the term that best describes it. write the word next to
the example it best describes.
• non-random mating
• hardy-weinberg
equilibrium
• mutation
• founder effect
• bottleneck effect
• natural selection

| term | example || ---- | ---- ||  | european bison (buffalo) were hunted to near extinction. all european bison living today have descended from a very small population that existed once the hunting ended. now, all bison are genetically very similar, and there is little variety in their population. ||  | a change in the dna of a single bacterium causes that it to be resistant to a certain type of antibiotic. ||  | over the years, because there are no selective forces acting on a population of mice, you observe that the relative frequencies of different colors remain stable. each generation has approximately the same number of white, brown, and black mice. ||  | a small group of jewish settlers moved to eastern europe in the 15th century. they are known as the askhenazi jews. the recessive allele for a disorder known as tay sachs disease wa present in this original founding population in a relatively high frequency. because of this, all descendents of the original ashkenazi jewish population have an elevated risk of having tay sachs disease. ||  | female peacocks prefer to mate with male peacocks that have long colorful tail feathers because this is an indicator that they are in good health. ||  | during dry years on the galapagos islands, there are few plants growing. the only seeds left for birds to eat are large/hard seeds that the birds did not touch the previous year. only birds with larger and stronger beaks can eat these seeds. many small beak birds die and without reproducing. |

Accepted Answer

# Brief Explanations:
1.  **Bottleneck Effect**: This occurs when a population is drastically reduced, leaving only a small group to repopulate, leading to reduced genetic diversity. The near-extinction of European bison fits this.
2.  **Mutation**: A mutation is a change in an organism's DNA that can lead to new traits, like antibiotic resistance in a bacterium.
3.  **Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium**: This principle describes a population where allele and genotype frequencies remain constant over generations, with no evolutionary forces acting on it, which matches the stable mouse population.
4.  **Founder Effect**: This happens when a small subset of a population establishes a new population, leading to higher frequencies of certain traits (like the Tay Sachs allele in Ashkenazi Jews) in descendants.
5.  **Non-Random Mating**: This is when individuals choose mates based on specific traits, such as female peacocks selecting males with colorful tails.
6.  **Natural Selection**: This is the process where organisms with traits suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully, like large-beaked birds surviving dry years in the Galapagos.

# Answer:
| Term | Example |
|------|---------|
| Bottleneck Effect | European Bison (Buffalo) were hunted to near extinction. All European Bison living today have descended from a very small population that existed once the hunting ended. Now, all bison are genetically very similar, and there is little variety in their population. |
| Mutation | A change in the DNA of a single bacterium causes that it to be resistant to a certain type of antibiotic. |
| Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium | Over the years, because there are no selective forces acting on a population of mice, you observe that the relative frequencies of different colors remain stable. Each generation has approximately the same number of white, brown, and black mice. |
| Founder Effect | A small group of Jewish settlers moved to Eastern Europe in the 15th century. They are known as the Askhenazi Jews. The recessive allele for a disorder known as Tay Sachs disease was present in this original founding population in a relatively high frequency. Because of this, all descendents of the original Ashkenazi Jewish population have an elevated risk of having Tay Sachs Disease. |
| Non-Random Mating | Female peacocks prefer to mate with male peacocks that have long colorful tail feathers because this is an indicator that they are in good health. |
| Natural Selection | During dry years on the Galapagos Islands, there are few plants growing. The only seeds left for birds to eat are large/hard seeds that the birds did not touch the previous year. Only birds with larger and stronger beaks can eat these seeds. Many small beak birds die and without reproducing. |

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Question

Explanation:

Answer:

Term	Example
Mutation	A change in the DNA of a single bacterium causes that it to be resistant to a certain type of antibiotic.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium	Over the years, because there are no selective forces acting on a population of mice, you observe that the relative frequencies of different colors remain stable. Each generation has approximately the same number of white, brown, and black mice.
Founder Effect	A small group of Jewish settlers moved to Eastern Europe in the 15th century. They are known as the Askhenazi Jews. The recessive allele for a disorder known as Tay Sachs disease was present in this original founding population in a relatively high frequency. Because of this, all descendents of the original Ashkenazi Jewish population have an elevated risk of having Tay Sachs Disease.
Non-Random Mating	Female peacocks prefer to mate with male peacocks that have long colorful tail feathers because this is an indicator that they are in good health.
Natural Selection	During dry years on the Galapagos Islands, there are few plants growing. The only seeds left for birds to eat are large/hard seeds that the birds did not touch the previous year. Only birds with larger and stronger beaks can eat these seeds. Many small beak birds die and without reproducing.