Question

pregunta 1
if the temperature of a substance is low, then we know that:
the average kinetic energy of particles is also low.
the total potential energy of particles is high.
the total thermal energy of the substance is also low.
there is not enough information to relate the temperature to the amount of energy.
pregunta 2
the temperature of a substance changes from 120˚c to 35˚c. which of the following is true?
the particles of the substance initially had high kinetic energy.
the particles of the substance resulted in a high kinetic energy.
the kinetic energy of the particles did not change.
pregunta 3
which statement about matter and energy agrees with the second law of thermodynamics?
energy always flows in a direction from cooler to warmer until all temperatures are equal.
energy always flows in a direction from warmer to cooler until all temperatures are equal.
energy doesnt change forms, but will continue increasing.

Explanation:

1. Pregunta 1: Temperature is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. A low temperature directly corresponds to low average kinetic energy of particles. Total thermal energy depends on both temperature and the amount of substance, which is not provided here, and potential energy is related to particle position, not temperature.
2. Pregunta 2: Since temperature is linked to average particle kinetic energy, a higher initial temperature (120°C) means the particles had high kinetic energy at the start. As the temperature drops to 35°C, the kinetic energy decreases, so the final kinetic energy is low, not high.
3. Pregunta 3: The second law of thermodynamics states that thermal energy naturally flows from regions of higher temperature (warmer) to lower temperature (cooler) until thermal equilibrium (equal temperatures) is reached.

Answer:

1. The average kinetic energy of particles is also low.
2. The particles of the substance initially had high Kinetic Energy.
3. Energy always flows in a direction from warmer to cooler until all temperatures are equal.