Question

	prokaryotic cells	only some prokaryotic cells	eukaryotic cells	only some eukaryotic cells
bacteria
photosynthetic pigments
cell wall
cell membrane
membrane - bound organelles
dna
chromosomes
nucleus
cytoskeleton

Answer:

To solve this, we analyze each feature for prokaryotic (bacteria, archaea) and eukaryotic cells:

1. Archaea

• Prokaryotic cells: Yes (archaea are prokaryotes).
• Only some prokaryotic cells: No (all archaea are prokaryotic).
• Eukaryotic cells: No (archaea are prokaryotes).
• Only some eukaryotic cells: No.

2. Bacteria

• Prokaryotic cells: Yes (bacteria are prokaryotes).
• Only some prokaryotic cells: No (all bacteria are prokaryotic).
• Eukaryotic cells: No (bacteria are prokaryotes).
• Only some eukaryotic cells: No.

3. Photosynthetic pigments

• Prokaryotic cells: Some (e.g., cyanobacteria have chlorophyll-like pigments).
• Only some prokaryotic cells: Yes (not all prokaryotes are photosynthetic).
• Eukaryotic cells: Some (e.g., plants, algae have chlorophyll).
• Only some eukaryotic cells: Yes (not all eukaryotes are photosynthetic).

4. Cell wall

• Prokaryotic cells: Most (bacteria, archaea often have cell walls; structure differs from eukaryotes).
• Only some prokaryotic cells: No (most prokaryotes have cell walls, though some bacteria like mycoplasma don’t).
• Eukaryotic cells: Some (plants, fungi, some protists have cell walls; animals do not).
• Only some eukaryotic cells: Yes (not all eukaryotes have cell walls).

5. Cell membrane

• Prokaryotic cells: All (prokaryotes have cell membranes).
• Only some prokaryotic cells: No (all prokaryotes have cell membranes).
• Eukaryotic cells: All (eukaryotes have cell membranes).
• Only some eukaryotic cells: No.

6. Membrane-bound organelles

• Prokaryotic cells: No (prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles).
• Only some prokaryotic cells: No.
• Eukaryotic cells: All (eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles like nucleus, mitochondria).
• Only some eukaryotic cells: No.

7. DNA

• Prokaryotic cells: All (prokaryotes have DNA).
• Only some prokaryotic cells: No.
• Eukaryotic cells: All (eukaryotes have DNA).
• Only some eukaryotic cells: No.

8. Chromosomes

• Prokaryotic cells: Some (prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome; plasmids are extra).
• Only some prokaryotic cells: Yes (plasmids are optional, and chromosome structure differs from eukaryotes).
• Eukaryotic cells: All (eukaryotes have linear chromosomes in nucleus).
• Only some eukaryotic cells: No (all eukaryotes have chromosomes, though number/structure varies).

9. Ribosomes

• Prokaryotic cells: All (prokaryotes have 70S ribosomes).
• Only some prokaryotic cells: No.
• Eukaryotic cells: All (eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes; organelles like mitochondria have 70S, but all cells have ribosomes).
• Only some eukaryotic cells: No.

10. Cytoskeleton

• Prokaryotic cells: Some (simpler cytoskeleton, e.g., FtsZ in bacteria).
• Only some prokaryotic cells: Yes (not all prokaryotes have complex cytoskeletons).
• Eukaryotic cells: All (eukaryotes have elaborate cytoskeleton for structure/movement).
• Only some eukaryotic cells: No (all eukaryotes have a cytoskeleton, though complexity varies).

Filling the Table (Checkboxes):

Feature	Prokaryotic cells	Only some Prokaryotic cells	Eukaryotic cells	Only some Eukaryotic cells
Bacteria	✔️	❌	❌	❌
Photosynthetic pigments	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️
Cell wall	✔️	✔️ (e.g., mycoplasma lack)	✔️	✔️ (e.g., animal cells lack)
Cell membrane	✔️	❌	✔️	❌
Membrane-bound organelles	❌	❌	✔️	❌
DNA	✔️	❌	✔️	❌
Chromosomes	✔️	✔️ (plasmids optional)	✔️	❌
Ribosomes	✔️	❌	✔️	❌
Cytoskeleton	✔️	✔️ (simpler in prokaryotes)	✔️	❌

(Note: For “Only some” columns, mark ✔️ if the feature is not universal to all cells of that type.)