Question

protein review

1. what are some uses of proteins?
2. proteins contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

building block / monomer

1. the building block or monomers of proteins are amino acids
2. a ____________ is two amino - acid chains bonded together.
3. a ____________ is a long chain of many amino acids.
4. a proteins three - dimensional shape depends on whether the amino acids are __________ or not. some may be electrically ________ or not. and the shape is determined in part by how the amino acid interacts with __________.

enzymes

1. ____________ are proteins that act as catalysts in metabolism. they control the rate of chemical reactions.
2. enzymes have a ____________ shape that allows them to act like a puzzle or key.
3. the molecule they bind with, the ____________ has an exact shape, the lock, that when connected causes the reaction to occur by breaking or weakening the bonds.
4. enzymes end in the suffix -
5. enzymes are not ____________ or changed in a reaction.
6. cells can ____________ without having to produce new enzymes.

which of the following is an amino acid and which is a polypeptide?
13.
14.

1. circle and label the carboxyl group. put a square around the amine group and label
2. what are 6 factors that affect enzyme activity.
3. what is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes lactose?
4. what is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes sucrose?
5. label the following diagram belongs: enzyme, active site, substrate, enzyme - substrate complex.

Explanation:

1. Proteins are used for building and repairing tissues, making enzymes, hormones and antibodies, and providing energy in a pinch.
2. Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
3. Amino - acids are the building blocks of proteins.
4. A dipeptide is two amino - acid chains bonded together.
5. A polypeptide is a long chain of many amino - acids.
6. A protein's 3D shape depends on whether amino - acids are charged or not and their interactions with water.
7. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in metabolism.
8. Enzymes have a specific shape.
9. The molecule they bind with is the substrate.
10. Enzymes end in the suffix - ase.
11. Enzymes are not consumed in a reaction.
12. Cells can regulate enzyme activity without making new enzymes.
13. The first structure is an amino - acid as it has an amino group ($-NH_2$) and a carboxyl group ($-COOH$).
14. The second structure is a polypeptide as it has multiple amino - acids linked by peptide bonds.
15. In an amino - acid, the carboxyl group ($-COOH$) is circled and the amino group ($-NH_2$) is squared.
16. Factors affecting enzyme activity are temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, presence of inhibitors and activators.
17. Lactase catalyzes lactose.
18. Sucrase catalyzes sucrose.
19. The diagram shows maltase (enzyme), glucose (substrate), and the enzyme - substrate complex is the combination of maltase and glucose.

Answer:

1. Building and repairing tissues, making enzymes, hormones, antibodies, energy source in a pinch.
2. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.
3. Amino acids.
4. Dipeptide.
5. Polypeptide.
6. Charged; water.
7. Enzymes.
8. Specific.
9. Substrate.
10. - ase.
11. Consumed.
12. Regulate enzyme activity.
13. Amino - acid.
14. Polypeptide.
15. Carboxyl group: $-COOH$ (circled), Amino group: $-NH_2$ (squared).
16. Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, inhibitors, activators.
17. Lactase.
18. Sucrase.
19. Maltase (enzyme), Glucose (substrate), Maltase - Glucose complex (enzyme - substrate complex).