Question

1. proteins are made up of chains of

a. monosaccharides
b. nucleotides
c. amino acids
d. fatty acids
e. steroids

1. what type of reaction breaks the carbohydrate in your food into monomers during digestion?

a. hydrolysis
b. synthesis
c. exothermic
d. exergonic
e. none of the above
open ended questions

1. explain the relationship between monomers and polymers, using polysaccharides as an example.
2. what type of food will you eat before going on a marathon race and why did you choose this food?
3. why must we include lipids in our diet even though they say it is bad for our health?
4. what is the function of nucleic acids? what are the two types of nucleic acids?
5. write at least 2 important reasons why protein should be included in our diet.

Explanation:

Multiple - choice Questions:

Question 9:

Proteins are polymers of amino - acids. Monosaccharides are building blocks of carbohydrates, nucleotides of nucleic acids, and fatty acids are part of lipids. So the answer is c.

Question 10:

Hydrolysis is the reaction that breaks down polymers (like carbohydrates) into monomers during digestion. Synthesis builds polymers from monomers, exothermic refers to heat - releasing reactions, and exergonic refers to energy - releasing reactions. So the answer is a.

Open - Ended Questions:

Question 1:

Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating subunits called monomers. Polysaccharides, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose, are polymers of monosaccharides (e.g., glucose). Monosaccharides are linked together through glycosidic bonds to form polysaccharides.

Question 2:

Carbohydrate - rich foods like bananas or whole - grain bread are good choices before a marathon. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is the body's main source of energy, especially for endurance activities like running a marathon.

Question 3:

Lipids are essential in the diet because they are a source of energy, they help in the absorption of fat - soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), and they are important components of cell membranes.

Question 4:

Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information. The two types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. RNA is involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes.

Question 5:

1. Protein is necessary for tissue repair and growth. It helps in building and maintaining muscles, skin, and other body tissues.
2. Enzymes, which are proteins, catalyze biochemical reactions in the body, facilitating digestion, metabolism, and other physiological processes.

Answer:

Multiple - choice Questions:

1. c. Amino acids
2. a. Hydrolysis

Open - Ended Questions:

1. Polymers are made of monomers. Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.
2. Carbohydrate - rich foods like bananas or whole - grain bread. They provide glucose for energy during the marathon.
3. They are a source of energy, aid in fat - soluble vitamin absorption, and are part of cell membranes.
4. Function: Store and transmit genetic information. Types: DNA and RNA.
5. For tissue repair and growth; enzymes (proteins) catalyze biochemical reactions.