Question

question 11 (q011) which of the following statements about ethical research is false? o a. research involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by a board of experts before the study can begin. o b. it is unethical to observe people in public without their knowledge. o c. researchers cannot ask participants to expose themselves to unnecessary risk or discomfort as part of a study. o d. research participants information must be protected and made available only to the few people who need it. question 12 (q012) psychologists are scientists who study behavior and mental processes through observation and measurement. what is this approach to understanding psychology called? o a. the scientific method o b. inferential statistics o c. empiricism o d. experimental methods question 13 (q013) josiah has formed a theory that consumption of sugar makes it difficult for people to fall asleep within one hour. he has designed a study where his hypothesis is that the more sugar people eat, the longer it will take before they can go to sleep. what should josiah do next? o a. formulate a research question o b. use descriptive statistics o c. test his hypothesis o d. analyze the data that he has collected question 14 (q014) judith is conducting an experiment on mood and problem solving. she plans to have study participants read either a funny story or a sad story before taking a math test. what is the dependent variable in judiths study? o a. the number of math problems participants correctly solve o b. the experimental group of participants o c. the personality of the participants who choose to be in the study o d. the type of story participants read

Explanation:

• Question 11: Research in public without knowledge isn't always unethical if it's non - intrusive and for public - good purposes. For example, some observational studies in public spaces like parks to study social behavior. Other options are ethical research principles.
• Question 12: The scientific method involves observing, measuring, formulating hypotheses, testing them, etc. in psychology to study behavior and mental processes. Inferential statistics is about making inferences, empiricism is a philosophical stance on knowledge, and experimental methods are a part of the scientific method but not the overall approach.
• Question 13: After formulating a hypothesis, the next step in the research process is to test it through appropriate research methods. Formulating a research question usually comes before hypothesis formation, descriptive statistics are for data summarization, and data analysis comes after data collection which follows hypothesis testing.
• Question 14: The dependent variable is what is being measured and is affected by the independent variable. Here, the number of math problems correctly solved is likely affected by the mood induced by the story (funny or sad), so it's the dependent variable. The experimental group, participants' personality, and type of story read are not the variables being measured as the outcome of interest.

Answer:

• Q011: B. It is unethical to observe people in public without their knowledge.
• Q012: A. the scientific method
• Q013: C. test his hypothesis
• Q014: A. the number of math problems participants correctly solve