Question

question 1 (1 point)
if a farmer uses extra fertilizer to make a plant grow large fruit, that larger size is a heritable trait that will definitely be passed down to its offspring.
true
false

question 2 (1 point)
the _______ is the plant’s actual genetic code, which acts as the instruction manual for the plant’s potential.
word bank:
genotype genotype phenotype
blank 1:

question 3 (1 point)
match the correct term to its definition. these terms are essential for understanding how plant breeders analyze and select for specific characteristics.
column a

1. a plant variety that has been produced in cultivation by selective breeding
2. the ability of a trait to be passed down from parent to offspring through genes.
3. traits described by distinct categories (e.g., flower color) rather than measurements, often controlled by just a few genes.

column b
a. heritability
b. cultivar
c. cultivar, heritability, qualitative traits
d. qualitative traits

question 4 (1 point)
if a tomato plant produces large fruit in california but small fruit in arizona, despite having the exact same genetics, this is an example of
a. poor heritability
b. natural selection
c. genotype × environment interaction
d. qualitative trait variation

question 5 (1 point)
what is the primary advantage of marker-assisted selection (mas) over traditional breeding?
a. it turns qualitative traits into quantitative traits.
b. it allows breeders to ignore environmental factors completely.
c. it allows scientists to screen seedlings for desirable genetics without waiting for the plant to fully mature.
d. it creates plants that do not require water.

question 6 (1 point)
which of the following is an example of a quantitative trait?
a. presence of thorns
b. drought tolerance measured on a scale
c. leaf shape
d. flower color (e.g., purple vs white)

question 7 (1 point)
the _______ is the physical expression of the plant’s traits that we can actually see and measure, such as height or fruit color.
word bank:
genotype phenotype phenotype
blank 1:

question 8 (1 point)
unlike wild plant populations which face natural selection, modern cultivars are bred to be highly uniform so that every plant performs consistently.
true
false

Explanation:

Question 1

The large size from extra fertilizer is an environmental (not genetic) change. Heritable traits are genetic; this acquired trait won’t pass to offspring. So the statement is false.

Genotype is the genetic code (DNA) that dictates a plant’s potential traits. Phenotype is the physical expression. So the blank is Genotype.

1. A cultivated plant variety from selective breeding is a “Cultivar” (matches b).
2. The ability to pass traits via genes is “Heritability” (matches a).
3. Traits with distinct categories (e.g., flower color) are “Qualitative traits” (matches d).

Answer:

False

Question 2