Question

question 9 (1 point)
when a police officer is sued civilly for excessive force under the intentional tort of battery it is:
going to be decided on the basis of \beyond a reasonable doubt\
the plaintiff must prove that they were owed a duty of care by the police officer
the defendant must have \legal standing\ for the case to proceed
none of these possible answers are a correct response to the question asked

Explanation:

1. "Beyond a reasonable doubt" is the standard for criminal cases, not civil tort cases (which use a "preponderance of the evidence" standard).
2. A duty of care is an element of negligence, not the intentional tort of battery.
3. Legal standing is a requirement for the plaintiff, not the defendant, to bring a case.

Since all other options are incorrect, the final option is the right choice.

Answer:

None of these possible answers are a correct response to the question asked