Question

questions and problems for discussion

1. what are the six essential nutrients in the diets of animals?
2. true or false? water accounts for 20 percent of total body weight.
3. protein consists of nitrogen - containing building blocks called ______.
4. give two examples of simple carbohydrates.
5. list the fat - soluble vitamins.
6. which vitamin helps to regulate blood clotting?
7. are chromium and cobalt macro - or microminerals?
8. food moves through the esophagus by involuntary muscle contractions called ______.
9. which part of the poultry digestive tract grinds food?
10. name three different forages.
11. what are the four parts of a ruminant stomach?
12. what organism digests cellulose in a ruminant stomach?
13. describe a symbiotic relationship.
14. compare the function of a horse’s cecum to a cow’s rumen.
15. contrast the use of microbial protein in cattle and horses.

Explanation:

1. The six essential nutrients in animal diets are water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
2. False. Water typically accounts for 50 - 70 percent of total body weight.
3. Protein consists of nitrogen - containing building blocks called amino acids.
4. Two examples of simple carbohydrates are glucose and fructose.
5. The fat - soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K.
6. Vitamin K helps to regulate blood clotting.
7. Chromium and cobalt are microminerals.
8. Food moves through the esophagus by involuntary muscle contractions called peristalsis.
9. The gizzard in the poultry digestive tract grinds food.
10. Three different forages are alfalfa, clover, and timothy grass.
11. The four parts of a ruminant stomach are the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.
12. Bacteria digest cellulose in a ruminant stomach.
13. A symbiotic relationship is a close and long - term interaction between different species, which can be mutualistic (both benefit), commensal (one benefits, the other is unaffected), or parasitic (one benefits, the other is harmed).
14. The horse's cecum and the cow's rumen both house microbes that aid in the fermentation of plant material. However, the rumen is a larger and more complex fermentation vat compared to the cecum.
15. In cattle, microbial protein is mainly absorbed in the small intestine after being broken down in the abomasum. In horses, microbial protein is absorbed in the large intestine after fermentation in the cecum and large colon.

Answer:

1. Water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals
2. False
3. Amino acids
4. Glucose, fructose
5. A, D, E, K
6. Vitamin K
7. Microminerals
8. Peristalsis
9. Gizzard
10. Alfalfa, clover, timothy grass
11. Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
12. Bacteria
13. Close and long - term interaction between different species, can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic
14. Both aid in plant material fermentation; rumen is larger and more complex
15. Cattle: absorbed in small intestine after abomasum breakdown; Horses: absorbed in large intestine after cecum and large colon fermentation