Question

quiz: studying the stars, universe, and big bang

1. which of the following instrument can be used to measure the energy left over from the big bang? (1) satellite (3) radioscope (2) telescope (4) spectroscope
2. as the sun ages it will be composed of (1) more helium and less hydrogen (2) less oxygen and more carbon (3) more hydrogen and less helium (4) more oxygen and less carbon
3. the most abundant element on the sun is (1) helium (3) hydrogen (2) carbon (4) oxygen
4. the luminosity of a star is a unique measure of its (1) physical size (2) velocity (3) temperature (4) distance from earth
5. what celestial phenomenum most affects radio communication and other electrical atmospheric changes for us on earth? (1) lunar eclipses (2) solar eclipses (3) meteorites entering the atmosphere (4) solar flares
6. scientists who proposed the big bang theory were attempting to explain (1) the origin of the universe (2) the formation of our solar system (3) why stars have different luminosities (4) how earths atmosphere evolved
7. which process produces the largest amount of energy given off by stars? (1) nuclear fusion of heavier elements into lighter elements (2) nuclear fusion of lighter elements into heavier elements (3) radioactive decay of lighter elements into heavier elements (4) radioactive decay of heavier elements into lighter elements
8. light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation are given off by stars using energy released during (1) convection (2) conduction (3) radioactive decay (4) nuclear fusion
9. the universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old. compared to the age of the solar system, the age of the universe is approximately (1) four times older than the solar system (2) the same age as the solar system (3) three times older than the solar system (4) two times older than the solar system

Explanation:

1. Radioscopes can detect cosmic microwave background radiation, which is the energy left - over from the Big Bang.
2. As the sun fuses hydrogen into helium through nuclear fusion over time, it will have more helium and less hydrogen.
3. Hydrogen is the most abundant element on the sun as it is the fuel for solar nuclear fusion.
4. Luminosity is related to the amount of energy a star emits, which is related to its temperature.
5. Solar flares can cause disruptions in radio communication and affect the Earth's electrical atmosphere.
6. The Big Bang theory aims to explain the origin of the universe.
7. Nuclear fusion of lighter elements into heavier elements in a star's core releases the most energy.
8. Nuclear fusion in stars releases energy in the form of light and electromagnetic radiation.
9. The solar system is about 4.6 billion years old, and the universe is about 13.8 billion years old, so the universe is approximately three times older than the solar system.

Answer:

1. (3) radioscope
2. (1) more helium and less hydrogen
3. (3) hydrogen
4. (3) temperature
5. (4) solar flares
6. (1) the origin of the universe
7. (2) nuclear fusion of lighter elements into heavier elements
8. (4) nuclear fusion
9. (3) three times older than the solar system