Question

the rise of big businesses
period:

across

1. planner of the railroad industry
2. unitesd compressed - air brakes
3. achievement: grouping several companies under a single board of directors to eliminate competition and to regulate production.
4. manufactured railroad cars
5. social baron
6. political theory that proposes that all people should collectively own property and the means of production and that individual ownership should not be allowed (handwritten: ownership should not be allowed)
7. founder of standard oil company

16.

down

1. one companys control of other companies producing the same product.
2. belief that the economy will prosper if businesses are left free from government regulation and allowed to compete in a free market
3. economic system in which private business runs most industries, and competition determines how much goods cost and workers are paid.
4. act which outlawed all monopolies and trusts that restricted trade.
5. exclusive economic control of an industry.
6. acquiring companies that provided the materials and services upon which an enterprise depends on.
7. theory that argues that society progresses through competition, with the fittest rising to positions of wealth and power;
8. company that sells shares of ownership called stock to investors in order to raise money.

Explanation:

To solve this crossword puzzle about "The Rise of Big Businesses", we analyze the clues:

Across Clues:

• 6: "planner of the railroad industry" → Vanderbilt (Cornelius Vanderbilt was a key railroad planner).
• 7: "Licensed compressed - air brakes" → Westinghouse (George Westinghouse developed air brakes).
• 9: "Arrangement: grouping several companies under a single board of directors to eliminate competition and to regulate production" → Trust (A trust is this type of business arrangement).
• 11: "manufactured oil - lined cars" → Tank (Tank cars were used for oil transport).
• 12: "social theory that proposes that all people should collectively own property and the means of production and that individual ownership should not be allowed" → Socialism (This is the definition of socialism).
• 14: "Founder of Standard Oil Company" → Rockefeller (John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil).

Down Clues:

• 1: "one company’s control of other companies producing the same product" → Monopoly (A monopoly has exclusive control over a product's production).
• 2: "Belief that the economy will prosper if businesses are left free from government regulation and allowed to compete in a free market" → Laissez - faire (This is the laissez - faire economic belief).
• 3: "Economic system in which private business runs most industries, and competition determines how much goods cost and workers are paid" → Capitalism (This is the definition of capitalism).
• 4: "Act which outlawed all monopolies and trusts that restricted trade" → Sherman Antitrust Act (The Sherman Antitrust Act was for this purpose).
• 5: "Exclusive economic control of an industry" → Monopoly (Again, a monopoly has exclusive economic control).
• 8: "Acquiring companies that provided the materials and services upon which an enterprise depends on" → Vertical Integration (Vertical integration involves acquiring supply - side companies).
• 10: "Theory that argues that society progresses through competition, with the fittest rising to positions of wealth and power" → Social Darwinism (Social Darwinism applies Darwin's ideas to society).
• 13: "Company that sells shares of ownership called stock to investors in order to raise money" → Corporation (A corporation sells stock to raise capital).

For example, if we take the down clue "1" with the definition of one company's control of other companies producing the same product, the answer is "Monopoly". If we take the across clue "14" about the founder of Standard Oil, the answer is "Rockefeller".

If we assume we are solving the down clue "1":

Step 1: Analyze the clue

The clue is "one company’s control of other companies producing the same product".

Step 2: Recall business terms

The term for this type of business control is "Monopoly".

Answer:

Monopoly

(You can follow a similar process for other clues. If you need a specific clue solved, please provide the clue number or more details about the clue.)