section 2 review
section vocabulary
(partially visible: atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, system)
1. identify relationships describe ways that you interact with each of earth’s four spheres every day. give one example for each sphere.

2. apply concepts is the human body a closed system or an open system? use examples to support your answer.

3. describe how do external sources of energy make matter move through the earth system?

4. identify describe two ways nitrogen gas is changed into forms that living things can use.

5. compare what is one way the phosphorus cycle is different from the carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles?

Question

section 2 review
section vocabulary
(partially visible: atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, system)
1. identify relationships describe ways that you interact with each of earth’s four spheres every day. give one example for each sphere.

2. apply concepts is the human body a closed system or an open system? use examples to support your answer.

3. describe how do external sources of energy make matter move through the earth system?

4. identify describe two ways nitrogen gas is changed into forms that living things can use.

5. compare what is one way the phosphorus cycle is different from the carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles?

Accepted Answer

### Question 1:
# Brief Explanations:
- Atmosphere: Breathe in oxygen (interact with air).
- Biosphere: Eat food from plants/animals (interact with living organisms).
- Geosphere: Walk on land (interact with Earth’s solid part).
- Hydrosphere: Drink water (interact with Earth’s water).
# Answer:
- Atmosphere: Breathe oxygen.
- Biosphere: Eat food (e.g., fruits from plants).
- Geosphere: Walk on soil/ground.
- Hydrosphere: Drink water (e.g., from a glass).

### Question 2:
# Brief Explanations:
An open system exchanges matter/energy with the environment. The human body takes in food (matter), oxygen (gas), and water; releases waste (e.g., CO₂, urine), so it’s open.
# Answer:
The human body is an open system. Example: We breathe in O₂ (energy/matter in) and exhale CO₂ (matter out); we eat food (matter in) and excrete waste (matter out).

### Question 3:
# Brief Explanations:
Sun (external energy) drives processes: Solar energy powers photosynthesis (moves carbon, oxygen), drives water cycle (evaporation, precipitation moves water), and wind (from solar heating) moves air/particles.
# Answer:
External energy (e.g., solar) drives matter movement: Sunlight powers photosynthesis (moves carbon/oxygen in biosphere), drives water cycle (evaporation → precipitation moves water), and wind (from solar heating) moves air, soil, or ocean particles.

### Question 4:
# Brief Explanations:
1. Nitrogen fixation: Bacteria (e.g., in soil/root nodules) convert N₂ to ammonia/ammonium. 2. Lightning: High energy splits N₂, which combines with O₂ to form nitrates (dissolve in rain, enter soil).
# Answer:
1. Nitrogen fixation: Bacteria (e.g., Rhizobium) convert N₂ to ammonia. 2. Lightning: Splits N₂, forming nitrates that enter soil via rain.

### Question 5:
# Brief Explanations:
Phosphorus cycle has no atmospheric phase (unlike C, N, water cycles). Phosphorus moves through geosphere (rocks), hydrosphere (water), biosphere (organisms) but not as a gas in air.
# Answer:
The phosphorus cycle lacks an atmospheric phase (unlike carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles, which involve gases in the atmosphere). Phosphorus cycles through rocks, water, and organisms, not air.

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