Question

select all the correct answers.
adrian caught a virus while staying with his grandmother. a few years later, his mother and sister got the same virus. this virus could spread through touch and direct contact. however, adrian did not contract the virus this time, even though he was living with his mother and sister. why did he not get sick?

• adrians adaptive immunity remembered the antigens from the virus and gave him lifelong immunity to it
• adrians innate immunity remembered the antigens from the virus and gave him lifelong immunity to it
• adrians skin layer recognized the antigens and attacked them, which prevented the occurrence of the virus again
• adrians innate immunity identified antibodies specific for the virus and targeted them against the antigen
• adrians adaptive immunity produced a higher amount of specific antibodies for the antigen, preventing the virus

Explanation:

• Adaptive immunity retains memory of specific virus antigens from prior infection, enabling rapid, targeted antibody production to prevent reinfection. Innate immunity is non-specific and does not retain antigen memory. The skin layer is a non-specific innate barrier, not responsible for targeted memory of this virus.
• Option 1: Adaptive immunity's antigen memory can provide long-term protection against the same virus.
• Option 5: Upon re-exposure, adaptive immunity rapidly produces high levels of specific antibodies to neutralize the virus.
• Incorrect options: Innate immunity has no antigen memory, so options 2 and 4 are wrong; the skin is a non-specific first line, not a memory-based defense, so option 3 is wrong.

Answer:

Adrian's adaptive immunity remembered the antigens from the virus and gave him lifelong immunity to it
Adrian's adaptive immunity produced a higher amount of specific antibodies for the antigen, preventing the virus