Question

short answer/fill in the blank

1. what are the foundations on which sound medical and nursing interventions are based?
2. what is the key to successful history - taking?
3. which four methods are used to evaluate patients?
4. what parameters are included in the vital signs?
5. shock, severe sepsis, severe cardiac insufficiency, multiple organ failure, and poor perfusion secondary to anesthesia or surgery or with low environmental temperatures can result in

Explanation:

1. Sound medical and nursing interventions are based on a combination of scientific knowledge (anatomy, physiology, pharmacology etc.), evidence - based practice, ethical principles, and patient - centered care.
2. The key to successful history - taking is effective communication, which includes active listening, asking open - ended questions, and building rapport with the patient.
3. The four methods used to evaluate patients are inspection (looking at the patient), palpation (touching the patient), percussion (tapping the body to assess underlying structures), and auscultation (listening to body sounds with a stethoscope).
4. Vital signs parameters include temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. Sometimes oxygen saturation and pain level are also considered as additional vital signs.
5. These conditions can result in hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood).

Answer:

1. Scientific knowledge, evidence - based practice, ethical principles, patient - centered care.
2. Effective communication.
3. Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.
4. Temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure.
5. Hypoxemia.