Question

1.8 smoking habits of uk residents: a survey was conducted to study the smoking habits of uk residents. below is a data matrix displaying a portion of the data collected in this survey. note that \£\ stands for british pounds sterling, \cig\ stands for cigarettes, and
/a\ refers to a missing component of the data.

	sex	age	marital	grossincome	smoke	amtweekends	amtweekdays
2	male	44	single	£10,400 to £15,600	no	n/a	n/a
3	male	53	married	above £36,400	yes	6 cig/day	6 cig/day
:	:	:	:	:	:	:	:
1659	male	40	single	£2600 to £5,200	yes	8 cig/day	8 cig/day

a) what does each row of the data matrix represent?
o a variable
o an observation
b) how many participants were included in the survey?
c) identify each variable, determine whether each variable is numerical or categorical. if the variable is numerical, specify continuous or discrete. if the variable is categorical, specify whether the variable is

Explanation:

Step1: Understand data - matrix concept

In a data - matrix, each row represents an individual case or data point from the sample.

Step2: Count number of rows

Count the number of rows in the data - matrix to find the number of participants. There are 1659 rows.

Step3: Analyze variables

• sex: Categorical (nominal) as it has two non - ordered categories (Male, Female).
• age: Numerical (discrete) as it is a whole number representing a count of years.
• marital: Categorical (nominal) with categories like Single, Married etc.
• grossIncome: Categorical (ordinal) as the income ranges have an order.
• smoke: Categorical (nominal) with two categories (Yes, No).
• amtWeekends: Numerical (discrete) as it represents a count of cigarettes per day.
• amtWeekdays: Numerical (discrete) as it represents a count of cigarettes per day.

Answer:

a) an observation
b) 1659
c)

• sex: Categorical (nominal)
• age: Numerical (discrete)
• marital: Categorical (nominal)
• grossIncome: Categorical (ordinal)
• smoke: Categorical (nominal)
• amtWeekends: Numerical (discrete)
• amtWeekdays: Numerical (discrete)