Question

soil formation
three types of weathering
soil formation provides the basis for life on land. rocks break down into component pieces, creating parent material for soil. it comes from rock weathering, a process involving physical, chemical, or biological factors.
physical weathering occurs when rocks crack or break apart due to factors like freezing and thawing, water movement, or wind - blown sediments.
chemical weathering is the alteration of minerals within rocks by water and gases, often causing them to disintegrate.
biological weathering is driven by organisms like plants, lichens, and mosses, accelerating rock breakdown by chemically altering rock substances.
how does biological weathering occur?

• plants, lichens, and mosses accelerating breakdown
• by chemically breaking down rocks by gases
• due to physical factors such as freezing and thawing

Explanation:

To determine how biological weathering occurs, we refer to the provided text on soil formation. It states that biological weathering is driven by organisms like plants, lichens, and mosses, accelerating rock breakdown by chemically altering rock substances. Let's analyze the options:

• Option 1: "plants, lichens, and mosses accelerating breakdown" matches the description of biological weathering (driven by organisms accelerating rock breakdown).
• Option 2: "by chemically breaking down rocks by gases" describes chemical weathering (involving gases), not biological.
• Option 3: "due to physical factors such as freezing and thawing" describes physical weathering, not biological.

Answer:

A. plants, lichens, and mosses accelerating breakdown