Question

sort the variables of these three studies based on whether they are independent or dependent variables.
study 1: the effect of light on flowering patterns of plants
study 2: the effect of penicillin on the growth of e. coli
study 3: the effect of progesterone on the ovulation of rats

Explanation:

To determine independent and dependent variables, we identify the factor being manipulated (independent variable) and the factor being measured/affected (dependent variable) in each study.

• For Study 1: The independent variable is light (as it is the factor being manipulated to observe its effect), and the dependent variable is flowering patterns of plants (as it is the outcome being measured based on the light).
• For Study 2: The independent variable is penicillin (the factor being manipulated), and the dependent variable is the growth of E. coli (the outcome affected by penicillin).
• For Study 3: The independent variable is progesterone (the manipulated factor), and the dependent variable is the ovulation of rats (the outcome measured based on progesterone).

Answer:

• Study 1: Independent variable - light; Dependent variable - flowering patterns of plants
• Study 2: Independent variable - penicillin; Dependent variable - growth of E. coli
• Study 3: Independent variable - progesterone; Dependent variable - ovulation of rats