the steam engine
for a long time, no one seemed to have thought of using steam for transportation purposes. in the earlier historical records, there is mention of “heat engines,” which were used for organ blowing, the turning of spits, and like purposes. but from this early date until the 17th century, practically no progress was made in the use of steam. though men had experimented with steam up to this time with more or less success, the world is chiefly indebted for the developed type of the steam engine to james watt and george stephenson. james watt, who secured the position as a maker of scientific instruments in the university of glasgow, proposed an idea for improving the existing steam engine, which was used for pumping mines. for a long time, owing to a lack of money, he had difficulty in establishing the merits of his improvements. finally, he formed a partnership with matthew boulton, a wealthy and energetic man who lived at birmingham, england. they began the manufacture of steam engines at birmingham, under the firm name of boulton and watt. this partnership was very successful. watt supplied the inventions, boulton furnished the money and attended to the business.
before the time of watt, the steam engine was exclusively a steam pump—slow and wasteful of fuel as before. under his first patent, the engine was still used only as a steam pump, but his later improvements adapted it for driving stationary machinery of all kinds. the birth, but his success of his engine was soon fully established.
george stephenson further modified boulton and watt company’s creation. in september 1825, the first commercial use of steam for carrying passengers and goods, weighing ninety tons, all told, in stephenson himself, with a signalman train was pulled by stephenson’s engine. it consisted of thirty-four cars by stephenson himself, with a signalman riding on horseback in advance. the train moved at the rate of ten or twelve miles an hour, and on certain parts of the road it reached a speed of fifteen miles per hour. the trial was a complete success.

select the correct answer
read the excerpt adapted from the rocket: the story of the stephensons, father and son by h. c. knight.
it was a critical moment, but stephenson had no fears of the result. robert often came to liverpool to consult with his father, and long and interesting discussions took place between father and son concerning the best mode of increasing and perfecting the powers of the mechanism. one thing wanted was greater speed, and this could only be gained by increasing the quantity and the quality of the steam. for this effect, a greater heating surface was necessary, and mechanics had long been experimenting to find the best and most economical boiler for high-pressure engines.
young james, son of that mr. james who, when the new liverpool and manchester route was talked of, was the first to discover and acknowledge george stephenson’s genius, made the model of an improved boiler, which he showed to the stephensons. he introduces himself to our notice now with a patented model of an improved boiler in his hand, which stephenson thinks it may be worth his while to make trial of. “try it,” exclaimed the young inventor—“try it, and there will be no limit to your speed. think of thirty miles an hour!”
the improved boiler was what is called a multi-tubular boiler. an iron boiler is cast, six feet long, and three feet and a third in diameter. it is to be filled full of water. through the lower half there run 25 copper tubes, each about three inches in diameter, open at one end to the fire, through which the heat passes to the chimney, at the other end you see the serving this use started in several fertile minds about the same time, and several persons claimed the honor of the invention, but it was not a sudden growth, as no inventions are. fire-tubes, good working order, and made it available. for he told robert to try it in his new locomotive.
what new information is presented in this text that is not present in “the steam engine”?
a. george stephenson conceived of a special road designed to carry the weight of a steam train
b. george stephenson’s developments made the new railroad commercially successful
c. george stephenson was joined by other inventors to enhance the design of locomotives
d. george stephenson’s genius transformed steam engines to transport passengers and goods

Question

the steam engine
for a long time, no one seemed to have thought of using steam for transportation purposes. in the earlier historical records, there is mention of “heat engines,” which were used for organ blowing, the turning of spits, and like purposes. but from this early date until the 17th century, practically no progress was made in the use of steam. though men had experimented with steam up to this time with more or less success, the world is chiefly indebted for the developed type of the steam engine to james watt and george stephenson. james watt, who secured the position as a maker of scientific instruments in the university of glasgow, proposed an idea for improving the existing steam engine, which was used for pumping mines. for a long time, owing to a lack of money, he had difficulty in establishing the merits of his improvements. finally, he formed a partnership with matthew boulton, a wealthy and energetic man who lived at birmingham, england. they began the manufacture of steam engines at birmingham, under the firm name of boulton and watt. this partnership was very successful. watt supplied the inventions, boulton furnished the money and attended to the business.
before the time of watt, the steam engine was exclusively a steam pump—slow and wasteful of fuel as before. under his first patent, the engine was still used only as a steam pump, but his later improvements adapted it for driving stationary machinery of all kinds. the birth, but his success of his engine was soon fully established.
george stephenson further modified boulton and watt company’s creation. in september 1825, the first commercial use of steam for carrying passengers and goods, weighing ninety tons, all told, in stephenson himself, with a signalman train was pulled by stephenson’s engine. it consisted of thirty-four cars by stephenson himself, with a signalman riding on horseback in advance. the train moved at the rate of ten or twelve miles an hour, and on certain parts of the road it reached a speed of fifteen miles per hour. the trial was a complete success.

select the correct answer
read the excerpt adapted from the rocket: the story of the stephensons, father and son by h. c. knight.
it was a critical moment, but stephenson had no fears of the result. robert often came to liverpool to consult with his father, and long and interesting discussions took place between father and son concerning the best mode of increasing and perfecting the powers of the mechanism. one thing wanted was greater speed, and this could only be gained by increasing the quantity and the quality of the steam. for this effect, a greater heating surface was necessary, and mechanics had long been experimenting to find the best and most economical boiler for high-pressure engines.
young james, son of that mr. james who, when the new liverpool and manchester route was talked of, was the first to discover and acknowledge george stephenson’s genius, made the model of an improved boiler, which he showed to the stephensons. he introduces himself to our notice now with a patented model of an improved boiler in his hand, which stephenson thinks it may be worth his while to make trial of. “try it,” exclaimed the young inventor—“try it, and there will be no limit to your speed. think of thirty miles an hour!”
the improved boiler was what is called a multi-tubular boiler. an iron boiler is cast, six feet long, and three feet and a third in diameter. it is to be filled full of water. through the lower half there run 25 copper tubes, each about three inches in diameter, open at one end to the fire, through which the heat passes to the chimney, at the other end you see the serving this use started in several fertile minds about the same time, and several persons claimed the honor of the invention, but it was not a sudden growth, as no inventions are. fire-tubes, good working order, and made it available. for he told robert to try it in his new locomotive.
what new information is presented in this text that is not present in “the steam engine”?
a. george stephenson conceived of a special road designed to carry the weight of a steam train
b. george stephenson’s developments made the new railroad commercially successful
c. george stephenson was joined by other inventors to enhance the design of locomotives
d. george stephenson’s genius transformed steam engines to transport passengers and goods

Accepted Answer

# Answer:
C. George Stephenson was joined by other inventors to enhance the design of locomotives
# Brief Explanations:
- Option A: The text says "the first train was pulled by Stephenson’s engine... with a signalman riding on horseback in advance" and mentions carrying passengers and goods, so this info is present.
- Option B: "Stephenson's creation... the first train... was a complete success" shows commercial success, so this info is present.
- Option C: The text focuses on Stephenson and his son's work on locomotives, with no mention of other inventors joining to enhance locomotive design.
- Option D: "George Stephenson further modified Boulton and Watt Company’s creation... the first train... carrying passengers and goods" shows his role in transforming steam engines for transport, so this info is present.

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