Question

step 7: what 3 molecules cannot easily pass through the membrane? record why for each.
molecule 1\tmolecule 2\tmolecule 3
what does polar mean?
step 8: insert channel proteins into the membrane. transport substances across the membrane. note: you can only transport substances using channel proteins until there were
what is this process called?
step 9: moving from __ to concentration requires the use of energy to substances. this is called __ transport and uses: place answer in table
1.\t2.
\twhich is cell ____
step 10: carbohydrates are like identification badges. cells that have different membrane carbohydrates do different ____. the immune system uses the carbohydrates
__ that your cells belong to and are not __
____, or other foreign cells.
what does the immune system do to foreign invaders?
what kind of cell does this?
step 11: next take the “membrane structure challenge!”
step 12: take the “diffusion challenge!”
step 13: take the “energy and transport challenge!”
how many atp did you use? __ what type(s) of protein(s) were used? __
__ explain when each type was used. __
____
step 14: take the “osmosis challenge!”
what is osmosis? ____
what is the name of the special proteins that let water pass through? ____
is this passive or active transport? ____
step 15: from your scores sheet record:
lab score (% correct): ____
number correct: ____
number incorrect:

Explanation:

To answer these questions, we analyze each step:

Step 7 (Molecules that can’t pass easily):

Large/polar molecules (e.g., glucose, ions, large proteins) can’t pass easily through the lipid bilayer (non - polar) of the cell membrane.

Step 8 (Channel proteins & process):

Inserting channel proteins for transport is facilitated diffusion (passive transport, uses channel proteins to move substances down concentration gradient).

Step 9 (Active transport):

Moving from low to high concentration requires energy (ATP) to move substances. This is active transport (e.g., sodium - potassium pump).

Step 10 (Carbohydrates in membranes):

Carbohydrates (glycoproteins/glycolipids) act as identification; cells with different membrane carbs have different functions. The immune system uses them to recognize “self” (your cells) and attack “non - self” (foreign invaders, like bacteria). Immune cells (e.g., white blood cells, lymphocytes) do this.

Step 13 (Energy & Transport Challenge):

ATP use and proteins depend on the challenge. Typically, active transport uses ATP and carrier proteins; facilitated diffusion uses channel proteins (no ATP).

Step 14 (Osmosis):

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (down water potential gradient). Special proteins for water: aquaporins. This is passive transport (no energy needed, water moves down its gradient).

For specific fill - in answers (e.g., Step 14):

• What is Osmosis? $\boldsymbol{\text{Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane}}$.
• Special proteins: $\boldsymbol{\text{Aquaporins}}$.
• Transport type: $\boldsymbol{\text{Passive transport}}$.

(Note: For lab score/number correct/incorrect, these depend on your actual performance in the challenges.)

Answer:

To answer these questions, we analyze each step:

Step 7 (Molecules that can’t pass easily):

Large/polar molecules (e.g., glucose, ions, large proteins) can’t pass easily through the lipid bilayer (non - polar) of the cell membrane.

Step 8 (Channel proteins & process):

Inserting channel proteins for transport is facilitated diffusion (passive transport, uses channel proteins to move substances down concentration gradient).

Step 9 (Active transport):

Moving from low to high concentration requires energy (ATP) to move substances. This is active transport (e.g., sodium - potassium pump).

Step 10 (Carbohydrates in membranes):

Carbohydrates (glycoproteins/glycolipids) act as identification; cells with different membrane carbs have different functions. The immune system uses them to recognize “self” (your cells) and attack “non - self” (foreign invaders, like bacteria). Immune cells (e.g., white blood cells, lymphocytes) do this.

Step 13 (Energy & Transport Challenge):

ATP use and proteins depend on the challenge. Typically, active transport uses ATP and carrier proteins; facilitated diffusion uses channel proteins (no ATP).

Step 14 (Osmosis):

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (down water potential gradient). Special proteins for water: aquaporins. This is passive transport (no energy needed, water moves down its gradient).

For specific fill - in answers (e.g., Step 14):

• What is Osmosis? $\boldsymbol{\text{Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane}}$.
• Special proteins: $\boldsymbol{\text{Aquaporins}}$.
• Transport type: $\boldsymbol{\text{Passive transport}}$.

(Note: For lab score/number correct/incorrect, these depend on your actual performance in the challenges.)