Question

in the study of communication, how is noise best defined? people interrupting someone who is thinking anything that interferes with the message being heard or understood thoughts that distract the listener discussing things that are off the main topic

Explanation:

In communication studies, noise is any factor that disrupts the communication process by interfering with the message being heard or understood. It can be physical, psychological, semantic etc. The other options are too narrow - interrupting a thinker, distracting thoughts, or off - topic discussion are specific forms of interference but not the comprehensive definition.

Answer:

anything that interferes with the message being heard or understood