Question

study guide continued

1. all of the following make up the three major categories of environmental problems except

a. loss of biodiversity.
b. overpopulation.
c. resource depletion.
d. pollution.

1. during the period of human history known as the _______, human populations grew rapidly because of advances in farming methods.

a. industrial revolution
b. agricultural revolution
c. \tragedy of the commons\
d. hunter-gatherer period

1. which major changes in human society and the environment occurred during the industrial revolution?

a. people lived in small tribes; many mammals went extinct.
b. domesticated plants were altered; forest was replaced with farmland.
c. fossil fuel consumption, technological efficiency, and environmental pollution increased.
d. common grazing areas were replaced with closed fields.

1. what did hunter-gatherers do to alter the environment?

a. introduce plants to new regions
b. over hunt large mammals
c. burn prairie to maintain grassland
d. all of the above

1. developed nations make up about _____ percent of the world’s population and consume about _____ percent of its resources.

a. 20, 75
b. 50, 75
c. 75, 20
d. 75, 50

1. hardin’s \tragedy of the commons\ essay addressed the conflicts associated with which environmental challenge?

a. preventing pollution
b. preserving biodiversity
c. curbing overpopulation
d. protecting shared resources

1. the ecological footprint for a person in a particular country takes into account what requirements of supporting that individual?

a. land used for crops
b. land taken up by housing
c. forest area that absorbs pollution
d. all of the above

1. attempts to create a sustainable society strive to achieve what?

a. greater resource consumption
b. stable resource consumption
c. negative population growth
d. restrictions on technology

1. a cost-benefit analysis balances the cost of an action against

a. those who benefit from the action.
b. those who perform the analysis.
c. what consumers and taxpayers are willing to pay.
d. the benefits one expects to receive.
© houghton mifflin harcourt publishing company

Explanation:

Question 12

Environmental problems' major categories are loss of biodiversity, resource depletion, and pollution. Overpopulation is a contributing factor, not a main category of environmental problems.

The agricultural revolution brought advances in farming, leading to rapid human population growth. Industrial Revolution was about industry, "Tragedy of the Commons" is about resource use, and hunter - gatherer period had slow population growth.

During the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuel consumption, technological efficiency, and environmental pollution increased. Option a is hunter - gatherer/early times, option b is agricultural revolution, option d is related to enclosure movement (pre - industrial in some aspects).

Answer:

b. overpopulation

Question 13