Question

1. summarize: now create a balanced equation for that shows the entire hydrolysis reaction. (in other words, the equation should show how the oligosaccharide broke up into three separate glucose molecules.)

turn on show current formula/equation to check your answer.

1. compare: how do hydrolysis reactions compare to dehydration synthesis reactions?
2. apply: amylose is a carbohydrate that consists of a single chain of hundreds of glucose molecules. consider an amylose molecule with only four glucose molecules.

a. how many water molecules are released when the 4 - glucose amylose forms?
b. what do you think is the chemical formula for this amylose?

Explanation:

Step1: Hydrolysis of trisaccharide

A trisaccharide (oligosaccharide with 3 - glucose units) hydrolyzes with the addition of water. The general formula for glucose is $C_6H_{12}O_6$. The balanced equation for the hydrolysis of a trisaccharide to three glucose molecules is $C_{18}H_{32}O_{16}+2H_2O
ightarrow3C_6H_{12}O_6$.

Step2: Compare hydrolysis and dehydration - synthesis

Hydrolysis reactions break down polymers into monomers by adding water. Dehydration - synthesis reactions build polymers from monomers by removing water. Hydrolysis is a catabolic process (breaking down), while dehydration - synthesis is an anabolic process (building up).

Step3: Water molecules released in amylose formation

When monomers join to form a polymer through dehydration - synthesis, the number of water molecules released is one less than the number of monomers. For an amylose with 4 glucose molecules, the number of water molecules released is $4 - 1=3$.

Step4: Chemical formula of 4 - glucose amylose

Each glucose has the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$. When 4 glucose molecules form an amylose through dehydration - synthesis and 3 water molecules ($H_2O$) are removed. The total number of carbon atoms is $4\times6 = 24$, hydrogen atoms is $4\times12-3\times2=42$, and oxygen atoms is $4\times6 - 3=21$. So the chemical formula is $C_{24}H_{42}O_{21}$.

Answer:

1. $C_{18}H_{32}O_{16}+2H_2O

ightarrow3C_6H_{12}O_6$

1. Hydrolysis breaks polymers with water addition (catabolic); dehydration - synthesis builds polymers by removing water (anabolic).
2. A. 3

B. $C_{24}H_{42}O_{21}$