Question

tigris and euphrates
flooding unpredictable
rich soil
no natural barriers
limited natural resources
nile flooding predictable
rich soil
natural barriers: deserts
nile an easy
transportation link
irrigation used to help
water fields of crops
independent city - states
governed by priests, then
generals who became
kings
city states united into
first empires
code of hammurabi
strong government
organization
theocracy. pharaohs rule
kingdom as gods
pharaohs built pyramids

Explanation:

The text describes historical aspects of Mesopotamia (Tigris - Euphrates) and Egypt, including geography, resources, and political - religious developments like the rise of city - states, empires, and theocratic rule.

Answer:

These are characteristics of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt with details on geography, resources, and political - religious systems.