Question

tissues exam review

1. what are the 4 broad categories of tissues? what are the functions of each category?
2. how can you tell the difference between each category of tissues under the microscope? (ex: what makes epithelial tissue look different from connective, muscular, and nervous?)
3. name the 8 types of connective tissue and where you would find them in the body.

table with 8 rows, two columns

1. before you had bones, your skeleton was made of what type of cartilage?
2. what type of tissue is osseous tissue? what are some of its characteristics?

Explanation:

Question 1

The 4 broad categories of tissues are epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Epithelial tissue functions in protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration. Connective tissue supports, binds, protects, and transports substances. Muscular tissue enables movement. Nervous tissue transmits electrical signals for communication and control.

• Epithelial: Tightly packed cells, little extracellular matrix, often in sheets/layers, has an apical (free) surface and basal surface attached to basement membrane.
• Connective: More extracellular matrix (fibers, ground substance) than cells, cells scattered (e.g., fibroblasts, adipocytes), varied structures (e.g., loose, dense, with matrix like bone’s mineralized or blood’s liquid).
• Muscular: Elongated, contractile cells (myocytes). Skeletal: striated, multinucleated, voluntary. Cardiac: striated, branched, uninucleated, involuntary, intercalated discs. Smooth: non - striated, uninucleated, involuntary.
• Nervous: Has neurons (with cell body, dendrites, axon) and glial cells. Neurons have unique shapes for signal transmission, glial support them.

We identify 8 types of connective tissue (areolar, adipose, reticular, dense regular, dense irregular, hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage) and their typical body locations based on anatomical knowledge.

Answer:

• Epithelial: Protection, secretion, absorption, filtration.
• Connective: Support, binding, protection, transport.
• Muscular: Movement.
• Nervous: Signal transmission (communication/control).

Question 2