Question

1. translation, then reflection
2. rotation, then translation
3. translation, then rotation
4. rotation, then reflection

Explanation:

First, compare shape 1 and shape 2: shape 1 can be shifted (translated) upward to align vertically with shape 2, then rotated 180 degrees to match its orientation. Shape 2 can then be translated upward and reflected (flipped) to match shape 3. However, the direct transformation from 1 to 3 that matches the options is: translate shape 1 upward to the vertical area of shape 3, then reflect it to get the mirrored orientation of shape 3. This matches the first option.

Answer:

translation, then reflection