Question

use the statistical and critical thinking flow chart interactive to answer the following question. which of the following describes a voluntary response sample? choose the correct answer below. a. post a survey question on the internet and ask readers to respond to that question. b. mail a survey question to 1000 randomly selected adults and ask them to return their responses by mail. c. publish a survey question in a national newspaper and ask readers to respond. d. all of the above

Explanation:

A voluntary response sample is one where participants choose to respond (volunteer). Option A: Posting a survey online relies on readers voluntarily responding. Option C: Publishing in a newspaper and asking readers to respond is also voluntary (readers choose to respond). Option B: Mailing to randomly selected adults is a random sample (not voluntary response, as it's sent to specific people, but wait—no, if we mail and ask them to return, but the key is voluntary response is when people self - select to respond. Wait, actually, in A, C, the respondents choose to respond (volunteer). B: Wait, no—mailing to 1000 randomly selected adults: if we mail and ask them to return, but the selection is random, but the response is voluntary? Wait, no, the question is about voluntary response sample. A voluntary response sample is when people are invited to respond, and they choose to do so (self - selected). So A: post online, readers choose to respond (voluntary). C: publish in newspaper, readers choose to respond (voluntary). B: Wait, no—mailing to 1000 randomly selected adults: the selection is random, but the response is voluntary? Wait, no, the definition of voluntary response sample is a sample made up of people who self - select to participate, usually by responding to a general invitation. So A (post online, invite response), C (publish in paper, invite response) are voluntary. B: mailing to 1000 randomly selected adults—this is a random sample (probability sample) if we follow up, but if we just mail and ask them to return, it's still voluntary response? Wait, no, the key is that in voluntary response, the participants choose to be in the sample. So A: people choose to go online and respond. C: people choose to respond to the newspaper survey. B: Wait, no—mailing to 1000 randomly selected adults: the selection of who to mail is random, but the response is voluntary (they can choose to return or not). But actually, the options A, C are classic voluntary response (general invitation, self - selection). Wait, but the option D is "All of the above". Wait, let's re - examine:

• Option A: Post a survey on the Internet and ask readers to respond. Readers can choose to respond (voluntary).
• Option B: Mail a survey question to 1000 randomly selected adults and ask them to return their responses by mail. The adults can choose to return (voluntary, since they can ignore the mail).
• Option C: Publish a survey question in a national newspaper and ask readers to respond. Readers choose to respond (voluntary).

So all three (A, B, C) involve voluntary response (participants choose to respond). So the correct answer is D.

Answer:

D. All of the above