Question

vocabulary review
matching in the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term.

1. base pairing
2. nucleotide
3. histone
4. transcription
5. intron
6. translation
7. transfer rna
8. promoter
9. mutation
10. polyploidy
11. operon
12. differentiation

a. making a protein using messenger rna
b. having extra sets of chromosomes
c. hydrogen bonding between adenine and thymine
d. sequence in messenger rna that is cut out
e. cells specializing in structure and function
f. carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis
g. unit of dna
h. copying part of dna into rna
i. change in the genetic material
j. group of genes that work together
k. dna sequence that binds rna polymerase
l. protein that binds dna into tight coils
labeling diagrams the diagrams below show the steps of dna replication. place the numbers 1 to 3 on the lines above the diagrams to show the order in which the steps occur.
13.
14.
15.

Explanation:

1. Base - pairing involves hydrogen bonding between complementary bases (e.g., adenine and thymine), so 1 matches c.
2. A nucleotide is a unit of DNA, so 2 matches g.
3. Histone is a protein that binds DNA into tight coils, so 3 matches l.
4. Transcription is the process of copying part of DNA into RNA, so 4 matches h.
5. An intron is a sequence in messenger RNA that is cut out, so 5 matches d.
6. Translation is making a protein using messenger RNA, so 6 matches a.
7. Transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, so 7 matches f.
8. A promoter is a DNA sequence that binds RNA polymerase, so 8 matches k.
9. Mutation is a change in the genetic material, so 9 matches i.
10. Polyploidy means having extra sets of chromosomes, so 10 matches b.
11. An operon is a group of genes that work together, so 11 matches j.
12. Differentiation is cells specializing in structure and function during protein synthesis, so 12 matches e.

For the DNA - replication diagrams: The first step is the unwinding of the DNA double - helix (13), then the addition of new nucleotides to form complementary strands (15), and finally the formation of two complete DNA molecules (14).

Answer:

1. c
2. g
3. l
4. h
5. d
6. a
7. f
8. k
9. i
10. b
11. j
12. e
13. 1
14. 3
15. 2