Question

water hammer can be solved or greatly reduced by installing solenoid valves on appliances installing modern quick closing faucets using 12 - inch vertical extensions at ends of lines avoiding long vertical rises in the pipe avoiding long horizontal runs of pipe question 22 replacing 50 feet of a 100 - foot - long pipe with larger diameter pipe will increase the static pressure only make a difference if it is the upstream section of pipe that is replaced only make a difference if it is the downstream section of pipe that is replaced make the same improvement regardless of which 50 feet of pipe is replaced improve the pressure and flow but more so if we are close to the source

Explanation:

Question 1

Water hammer is caused by sudden changes in water - flow velocity. Using 12 - inch vertical extensions (also known as water hammer arrestors) at the ends of lines can absorb the shock of the water hammer. Installing solenoid valves or quick - closing faucets can actually exacerbate the problem. Avoiding long vertical or horizontal runs doesn't directly solve water hammer.

Replacing part of a pipe with a larger - diameter pipe will improve pressure and flow. The closer the replacement is to the source, the more significant the improvement, because the larger - diameter pipe reduces friction losses earlier in the flow path, allowing for better pressure and flow throughout the system.

Answer:

using 12 - inch vertical extensions at ends of lines

Question 2