Question

what causes convection currents in the atmosphere?
a. ocean waves and currents
b. pressure from the ozone layer
c. solar heating of the upper atmosphere
d. warm air rising and cold air sinking

Explanation:

Convection currents in the atmosphere form due to density differences caused by temperature variations. Warm air is less dense, so it rises, while colder, denser air sinks to replace it, creating a cyclic current. Option A is incorrect as ocean movements are unrelated to atmospheric convection. Option B is wrong because ozone layer pressure does not drive this process. Option C is inaccurate; solar heating of the lower atmosphere (not upper) initiates the temperature differences that cause convection.

Answer:

D. Warm air rising and cold air sinking