1. what is the \divine right of kings?\
2. ideas in the enlightenment emphasized what two things over faith and religion?
3. john locke suggested that everyone begins life as what?
4. locke also suggested that what makes a person who they are today?
5. this is known as the tabula rasa, or ____________ theory.
6. how does this theory go against the idea of the divine right of kings?
7. locke said that we are all born with what three inalienable rights?
8. what does \inalienable\ mean?
9. according to locke, what are the two main jobs of government?

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Accepted Answer

### Question 1: What is the "Divine Right of Kings?"
# Brief Explanations:
The "Divine Right of Kings" is a political and religious doctrine. It holds that a monarch's authority to rule comes directly from God, not from the consent of the people. Monarchs, in this view, are God's chosen representatives on Earth, and their power is absolute and cannot be questioned or limited by earthly authorities like parliaments or the people. This idea was used to justify monarchical absolutism, as kings claimed their right to rule was divinely ordained, so disobeying them was akin to disobeying God.
# Answer:
The "Divine Right of Kings" is a doctrine stating a monarch's right to rule comes directly from God, making their authority absolute and unchallengeable by earthly powers.

### Question 2: Ideas in the Enlightenment emphasized what two things over faith and religion?
# Brief Explanations:
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that emphasized **reason** and **science** (or empirical inquiry) over faith and religion. During the Enlightenment, thinkers sought to understand the world and human society through logical reasoning, observation, and scientific methods rather than relying solely on religious dogma or tradition. Reason was used to question old beliefs, and science provided a way to explore natural and social phenomena based on evidence, shifting the focus from religious authority to human - centered inquiry and empirical knowledge.
# Answer:
Reason and Science (or Empirical Inquiry)

### Question 3: John Locke suggested that everyone begins life as what?
# Brief Explanations:
John Locke proposed that everyone begins life as a **tabula rasa** (a blank slate). He believed that at birth, the human mind has no innate ideas or knowledge. Instead, all knowledge and understanding are acquired through experience, including sensory perception and reflection on those perceptions. This concept was a fundamental part of his epistemological and philosophical views, contrasting with the idea of innate ideas that was prevalent in some philosophical traditions at the time.
# Answer:
A tabula rasa (a blank slate)

### Question 4: Locke also suggested that what makes a person who they are today?
# Brief Explanations:
Based on his tabula rasa theory, John Locke suggested that **experience** (including sensory experiences and the reflection on those experiences) makes a person who they are today. Since the mind starts as a blank slate, the various experiences a person has throughout their life - such as what they see, hear, feel, and how they think about those sensations - shape their knowledge, beliefs, personality, and identity. These experiences include interactions with the physical world and social interactions with other people.
# Answer:
Experience (sensory experiences and reflection on them)

### Question 5: This is known as the Tabula Rasa, or ________ theory.
# Brief Explanations:
The Tabula Rasa is also known as the **blank slate** theory. The Latin term "tabula rasa" directly translates to "blank slate," and this theory, as proposed by Locke, posits that the human mind at birth is like an empty tablet, with all knowledge and mental content being added through experience over the course of a person's life.
# Answer:
Blank Slate

### Question 6: How does this theory go against the idea of the Divine Right of Kings?
# Brief Explanations:
The Tabula Rasa (blank slate) theory goes against the Divine Right of Kings in several ways. The Divine Right of Kings assumes that monarchs have a divinely - ordained, innate right to rule, and that the social order (with the king at the top) is part of a divinely - planned hierarchy. The blank slate theory, however, implies that all people are born equal in terms of their mental state (no innate ideas or privileges). If people are born as blank slates, then the idea that one person (a king) has a God - given, innate right to rule over others is challenged. It suggests that people's positions in society are shaped by experience, not by a divine plan that designates some as rulers and others as subjects. Also, the emphasis on experience and reason in the blank slate theory (and Locke's broader philosophy) led to ideas about popular sovereignty and the idea that government should be based on the consent of the governed, which is in direct opposition to the absolute authority claimed by kings under the Divine Right doctrine.
# Answer:
The Tabula Rasa theory implies all are born equal (no innate privileges/rights to rule). It suggests a person's role in society is shaped by experience, not a divine plan. It also supports popular sovereignty/consent - based government, opposing the king's absolute, divinely - ordained authority.

### Question 7: Locke said that we are all born with what three inalienable rights?
# Brief Explanations:
John Locke stated that all people are born with three inalienable rights: the right to **life**, the right to **liberty**, and the right to **property** (or estate). These rights are considered inalienable because they are inherent to human beings and cannot be taken away or given up. Locke's ideas about these rights were highly influential in the development of modern political thought, especially in the context of ideas about natural rights and the social contract, where government is seen as having the responsibility to protect these rights of the people.
# Answer:
Life, Liberty, and Property

### Question 8: What does "inalienable" mean?
# Brief Explanations:
The term "inalienable" means that a right (or property) cannot be **transferred**, **taken away**, or **given up** by its owner. In the context of Locke's inalienable rights, these rights are inherent to human beings and are not something that a person can surrender, nor can another entity (like a government or another person) legitimately deprive them of these rights. For example, the right to life is inalienable because a person cannot give up their right to exist, and no one can justly take away another person's life (except in certain extreme, justifiable cases like self - defense, but even then, it is a complex ethical and legal matter).
# Answer:
Cannot be transferred, taken away, or given up.

### Question 9: According to Locke, what are the two main jobs of government?
# Brief Explanations:
According to John Locke, the two main jobs of government are to **protect the inalienable rights** (life, liberty, property) of the people and to **provide a neutral judge** (or an impartial authority) to resolve disputes between individuals. The government's role is based on the social contract, where people give up some of their natural freedom to live in a civil society, and in return, the government is tasked with safeguarding their natural rights. By providing a system of laws and a means to enforce them, and by acting as an impartial arbiter in conflicts, the government ensures that the rights of individuals are protected and that social order is maintained.
# Answer:
Protect people's inalienable rights (life, liberty, property) and act as an impartial judge to resolve disputes.

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Question 1: What is the "Divine Right of Kings?"

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Question 2: Ideas in the Enlightenment emphasized what two things over faith and religion?