Question

1. what are the two types of nucleic acids?
2. what are the three parts of a nucleotide?
3. how can you determine if a carbohydrate is a disaccharide?
4. provide a definition for an enzyme. include the type of macromolecule it is
5. what is activation energy?
6. how is the activation energy affected by an enzyme?
7. what are some factors that affect enzyme activity?
8. describe the lock and key analogy for enzymes using words or pictures.
9. what are the 3 nutrient cycles we studied in class?
10. what are 4 major water storage areas on earth?
11. how does water enter the atmosphere?
12. how does carbon enter the atmosphere?
13. how does nitrogen enter the atmosphere? what organisms are most responsible?

Explanation:

1. Nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
2. A nucleotide has a nitrogen - containing base, a five - carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.
3. A disaccharide is a carbohydrate formed by the bonding of two monosaccharides.
4. An enzyme is a biological catalyst, which is a type of protein (although some are RNA).
5. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.
6. An enzyme lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
7. Factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration.
8. The lock and key analogy: The enzyme (lock) has a specific active - site shape that only fits a particular substrate (key).
9. Common nutrient cycles are carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorus cycle.
10. Major water storage areas on Earth are oceans, glaciers, groundwater, and lakes.
11. Water enters the atmosphere through evaporation from water bodies and transpiration from plants.
12. Carbon enters the atmosphere through processes like respiration, combustion of fossil fuels, and decomposition.
13. Nitrogen enters the atmosphere mainly through denitrification by bacteria. Bacteria are the most responsible organisms.

Answer:

1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid)
2. Nitrogen - containing base, five - carbon sugar, phosphate group
3. Formed by bonding two monosaccharides
4. Biological catalyst, a type of protein (some are RNA)
5. Minimum energy to start a chemical reaction
6. Lowered by an enzyme
7. Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration
8. Enzyme (lock) has specific active - site shape for particular substrate (key)
9. Carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle
10. Oceans, glaciers, groundwater, lakes
11. Evaporation from water bodies, transpiration from plants
12. Respiration, combustion of fossil fuels, decomposition
13. Through denitrification by bacteria; Bacteria