Question

which earth system is not directly impacted by the heating of earths surface due to solar radiation?
atmosphere, affecting temperature regulation and weather phenomena
lithosphere, altering rock formations and geological processes
biosphere, influencing ecosystems and biodiversity
hydrosphere, driving the water cycle and ocean currents

Explanation:

Solar radiation heats Earth's surface and directly impacts the atmosphere (temperature and weather), biosphere (ecosystems), and hydrosphere (water - cycle). The lithosphere is mainly affected by internal geological processes like plate tectonics, not directly by surface heating from solar radiation.

Answer:

Lithosphere, altering rock formations and geological processes