Question

which ethical principle involves avoiding harm and preventing negative consequences in genetic advancements?
○ a. non - maleficence
○ b. justice
○ c. autonomy
○ d. beneficence

which of the following statements about gmos is true?
○ a. they are organisms whose dna has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally
○ b. they cannot be used in agriculture
○ c. they are organisms whose dna has been altered naturally
○ d. they are exclusively used in human genetic engineering

what ethical principle involves respecting individuals’ rights to make informed choices regarding their genetic information and treatments?
○ a. justice
○ b. autonomy
○ c. non - maleficence
○ d. beneficence

Explanation:

First Question:

• Non - maleficence is the ethical principle of doing no harm. In the context of genetic advancements, avoiding harm and preventing negative consequences aligns with non - maleficence. Justice is about fairness, autonomy is about self - determination, and beneficence is about doing good. So the correct option is a.

• GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) are defined as organisms whose DNA has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally (through genetic engineering techniques). Option b is wrong as GMOs are widely used in agriculture. Option c is wrong because their DNA is altered artificially, not naturally. Option d is wrong as GMOs are used in many areas including agriculture, not just human genetic engineering. So the correct option is a.

• Autonomy is the ethical principle that respects an individual's right to make informed choices about their own matters, including genetic information and treatments. Justice is about fairness, non - maleficence is about not doing harm, and beneficence is about doing good. So the correct option is b.

Answer:

a. Non - maleficence

Second Question: