Question

which of the following is a cause for crime identified in the theory proposed by martin wolfgang and franco ferracuti?
a lower-class boys are unable to attain the goals of middle-class culture, and therefore they become involved in nonutilitarian, malicious, and negative behavior.
b subcultures of violence exist among lower-class males and legitimize the use of violence.
c social structure exerts pressure on individuals who cannot attain the cultural goal of success, leading them to engage in nonconforming behavior.
d lower-class boys seek out legitimate means to attain middle-class success goals, usually through one of three specialized gang contexts.

Explanation:

• Option A: This relates to Albert Cohen's theory about lower - class boys' reaction to middle - class goals, not Wolfgang and Ferracuti's.
• Option B: Martin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti proposed the subculture of violence theory, which states that subcultures of violence exist among lower - class males and legitimize the use of violence as a cause of crime.
• Option C: This is Robert Merton's strain theory, not related to Wolfgang and Ferracuti.
• Option D: This does not align with Wolfgang and Ferracuti's theory.

Answer:

B. Subcultures of violence exist among lower - class males and legitimize the use of violence.