Question

which individuals in the pedigree are identified and labeled carriers for red - green color blindness?

• lisa and monica
• sam, tim, bella, and joshua
• ben, jenny, mike, carol, katie, and chris
• ben and lisa

Explanation:

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait. Carriers are typically females with one normal X chromosome ($X^N$) and one affected X chromosome ($X^r$), as they do not show the trait but can pass the affected allele to offspring. In the pedigree, Lisa ($X^N X^r$) and Monica ($X^N X^r$) are labeled with this genotype, indicating they are carriers. The other options include affected males (who cannot be carriers, as they only have one X chromosome and show the trait if it is affected) or individuals with unknown/non-carrier genotypes.

Answer:

Lisa and Monica