Question

which mates are least likely to produce offspring that have the disorder? male 1 and female 2 male 3 and female 4 male 5 and female 6 male 9 and female 10

Explanation:

1. First, identify the inheritance pattern: The disorder is autosomal dominant (affected individuals have at least one affected parent; males and females are equally affected, and affected parents can have unaffected offspring).
2. Analyze each pair:

• Male 1 & Female 2: They have affected offspring, so at least one is affected, meaning they can pass on the disorder.
• Male 3 (affected, black square) & Female 4 (unaffected, white circle): The affected male can pass the dominant allele to offspring.
• Male 5 (unaffected, white square) & Female 6 (unaffected, white circle): Neither carries the dominant disease allele (since the disorder is dominant, unaffected individuals are homozygous recessive). They cannot pass on the dominant disorder allele.
• Male 9 (unaffected, white square) & Female 10 (affected, black circle): The affected female can pass the dominant allele to offspring.

1. The pair of two unaffected individuals has the lowest likelihood of producing affected offspring.

Answer:

male 5 and female 6