Question

which sentence includes a restrictive clause?
american literature, which we study in 11th grade, is my favorite subject.
the ceramic cups birgit bought at the garage sale are all chipped.
the english novelist charles dickens also wrote plays and articles.
i often see my middle school english teacher shopping at the mall.

Explanation:

A restrictive clause provides essential information to identify the noun and is not set off by commas. Let's analyze each option:

• "American literature, which we study in 11th grade, is my favorite subject." – The clause "which we study in 11th grade" is non - restrictive (set off by commas), providing extra info.
• "The ceramic cups Birgit bought at the garage sale are all chipped." – The clause "Birgit bought at the garage sale" is restrictive. It tells us which ceramic cups (the ones Birgit bought at the garage sale), and there are no commas setting it off.
• "The English novelist Charles Dickens also wrote plays and articles." – "Charles Dickens" is an appositive (renaming "The English novelist"), not a restrictive clause.
• "I often see my middle school English teacher shopping at the mall." – No relative clause here.

Answer:

The ceramic cups Birgit bought at the garage sale are all chipped.