Question

which statement primarily appeals to ethos to support the position that the system of using letter grades is fundamentally flawed? while some may believe that grades provide a helpful indicator of student performance, others would argue that letter grades are often arbitrary measures of ability that do little to help students understanding or motivation in school. the current system of letter grades is broken: students simply need to understand how to manipulate it and demonstrate some modicum of understanding in order to pass a class. i am lucky to have attended an experimental school that did not use letter grades as indicators of achievement; rather, it used a narrative - based approach that evaluated students on multiple levels, providing a more comprehensive picture of each students performance.

Explanation:

Ethos appeals to credibility or personal experience to persuade. The third statement uses the speaker's direct, firsthand experience at an experimental school (a credible, personal frame of reference) to argue against letter grades, while the other statements rely on general claims or logical arguments rather than personal authority/experience.

Answer:

I am lucky to have attended an experimental school that did not use letter grades as indicators of achievement; rather, it used a narrative-based approach that evaluated students on multiple levels, providing a more comprehensive picture of each student's performance.