Question

which structure is at work when the body deals with reflex actions?
○ the heart
○ the brain stem
○ the vertebral column
○ the spinal cord

Explanation:

Reflex actions are controlled by the spinal cord through reflex arcs, which allow for rapid, involuntary responses without immediate brain involvement. The heart is for circulation, the brain stem controls vital functions like breathing, and the vertebral column is a protective structure for the spinal cord.

Answer:

D. the spinal cord