Question

which of these leaders used both violent and nonviolent means to oppose apartheid in south africa?
a. nelson mandela
b. ho chi minh
c. f. w. de klerk
d. kwame nkrumah

Explanation:

Nelson Mandela initially engaged in non - violent protests as part of the African National Congress (ANC). When non - violent means were met with brutal repression, he co - founded Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), a military wing of the ANC, and used violent resistance against apartheid. Ho Chi Minh fought for Vietnam's independence, not South African apartheid. F. W. de Klerk was a South African president who played a role in ending apartheid but was not known for using both violent and non - violent resistance. Kwame Nkrumah was a key figure in Ghana's independence, not related to South African anti - apartheid efforts.

Answer:

A. Nelson Mandela