Question

which are the top causes of end - stage renal disease (esrd)? select all that apply.
hypertension
elevated blood urea nitrogen (bun) levels
toxicity
diabetes mellitus
consistently high serum creatinine levels

Explanation:

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are well - known major causes of ESRD. Elevated BUN and high serum creatinine are symptoms, not causes. Toxicity can contribute but is not among the top ones like hypertension and diabetes.

Answer:

A. Hypertension
D. Diabetes mellitus